Russell Judge

Russell JudgeRussell JudgeRussell Judge

Russell Judge Ph.D.

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Professional Background

Dr. Judge is a structural biologist with 22 years experience in drug discovery. His journey began with Bachelor and Ph.D. degrees through the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Queensland, Australia, which provided him with a broad scientific background and introduced him to protein crystallization.


His interests in crystallization and structural biology lead to postdoctoral studies with NASA in the microgravity program for protein crystal growth, based at the Marshall Space Flight Center (Huntsville, AL). Through successfully obtaining NASA research grants he then became a Flight Principal Investigator in this program.


With a desire to utilize structural biology for drug design, Dr. Judge moved to the Chicago area to work in pharmaceuticals. He is currently working as a Principal Research Scientist II in Structural Biology at AbbVie (formerly Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL). In this he is involved in many aspects of structural biology and structure-based drug design including utilizing Cryo-EM.


Research Interests / Skills

Clone design

Protein purification

Macromolecule crystallization

Distinguishing and detecting protein crystals

Fragments

Solubility

Membrane proteins

X-ray crystallography

Cryo-EM

Structure-based drug design

Drug discovery

Bulk crystallization


Selected Publications

Structure-Based Drug Design

  • Sorensen, B., Winn, M., Rhode, J., Shuai, Q., Wang, J., Fung, S., Monzon, K., Chiou, W., Stolarik, D., Imade, H., Pan, L., Deng, X., Chovan, L., Longenecker, K., Judge, R., Qin, W., Brune, M., Camp, H., Frevert, E.U., Jacobson, P. & Link, J.T.  Adamantane sulfone and sulfonamide 11-B-HSD1 inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (2007) 17(2), 527-532.


  • Tao, Z-F., Wang, L., Stewart, K.D., Chen, Z., Gu, W., Bui, M-H., Zhang, H., Kovar, P., Johnson, E., Judge, R.A., Park, C., Rosenberg, S.H., Sowin, T.J. & Lin, N-H.  Structure based design, synthesis and biological evaluation of potent and selective macrocyclic checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitors. J. Med. Chem. (2007) 50(7), 1514-1527.


  • Wang, G.T., Mantei, R.A., Kawai, M., Tedrow, J.S., Barnes, D.M., Wang, J., Zhang, Q., Lou, P., Garcia, L.A., Bouska, J., Yates, M., Park, C., Judge, R.A., Lesniewski, R., Sheppard, G.S. & Bell, R.L.  Lead optimization of methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP2) inhibitors containing sulfonamides of 5,6-disubstituted anthranilic acids. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (2007) 17(10), 2817-2822.


  • Huth, J.R., Park, C., Petros, A.M., Kunzer, A.R., Wendt, M.D., Wang, X., Lynch, C.L., Mack, J.C., Swift, K.M., Judge, R.A., Chen, J., Richardson, P.L., Jin, S., Tahir, S.K., Matayoshi, E.D., Dorwin, S.A., Ladror, U.S., Severin, J.M., Walter, K.A., Bartley, D.M., Fesik, S.W., Rosenberg, S.H., Stoll, V.S., Elmore, S.W. & Hajduk, P.J.  Discovery and design of novel Hsp90 inhibitors using multiple fragment-based design strategies. Chem. Biol. Drug Des. (2007) 70, 1-12.


  • Jakob, C.G., Edalji, R., Judge, R.A., DiGiammarino, E., Li, Y., Gu, J. & Ghayur, T.  Structure reveals function of the dual variable domain immunoglobulin (DVD-Ig) molecule. mAbs (2013) 5(3), 358-363.


  • Tao, Z-F., Hasvold, L., Wang, L., Wang, X., Petros, A.M., Park, C.H., Boghaert, E. R., Catron, N.D., Chen, J., Colman, P.M., Czabotar, P.E., Deshayes, K., Fairbrother, W.J., Flygare, J.A., Hymowitz, S.G., Jin, S., Judge, R.A., Koehler, M.F.T., Kovar, P.J., Lessene, G., Mitten, M.J., Ndubaku, C.O., Nimmer, P., Purkey, H.E., Oleksijew, A., Phillips, D.C.,  Sleebs, B.E., Smith, B.J., Smith, M.L., Tahir, S.K., Watson, K.G., Xiao, Y., Xue, J., Zhang, H., Zobel, K., Rosenberg, S.H., Tse, C., Leverson, J.D., Elmore, S.W. & Souers, A.J.  Discovery of a potent and selective BCL-XL inhibitor with in vivo activity. Med. Chem. Lett. (2014) 5(10), 1088-1093. 


  • Gayda, S., Longenecker, K.L., Manoj, S., Judge, R.A., Saldana, S.C., Ruan, Q., Swift, K.M. & Tetin, S.Y.  Water channel in the binding site of a high affinity anti-methotrexate antibody. Biochemistry (2014) 53(23), 3719-3726.


  • Broncko, M., Wang, L., Sheppard, G.S., Phillips, D.C., Tahir, S.K., Xue, J., Erickson, S., Fidanze, S., Fry, E., Hasvold, L., Jenkins, G.J., Jin, S., Judge, R.A., Kovar, P.J., Madar, D., Nimmer, P., Park, C., Petros, A.M., Rosenberg, S.H., Smith, M.L., Song, X., Sun, C., Tao, Z-F., Wang, X., Xiao, Y., Zhang, H., Tse, C. Leverson, J.D., Elmore, S.W. & Souers, A.J.  Structure-guided design of a series of MCL-1 inhibitors with high affinity and selectivity. J. Med. Chem. (2015), 58(5) 2180-2194.


  • Argiriadi, M.A., Banach, D., Radziejewska, E., Marchie, S., DiMauro, J., Dinges, J., Dominguez, E., Hutchins, C., Judge, R.A., Queeney, K., Wallace, G. & Harris, C.M.  Creation of a S1P Lyase bacterial surrogate for structure-based drug design. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (2016) 26(9), 2293-2296.


  • Gayda, S., Longenecker, K.L., Judge, R.A., Swift, K.M., Manoj, S., Linthicum, D.S. & Tetin, S.  Three-dimensional structure, binding and spectroscopic characteristics of the monoclonal antibody 43.1 directed to the carboxylphenyl moiety of fluorescein. Biopolymers (2016) 105(4), 234-243. 


  • Judge, R.A., Zhu, H., Upadhyay, A.K., Bodelle, P.M., Hutchins, C.W., Torrent, M., Marin, V.L., Yu, W., Vedadi, M., Li, F., Brown, P.J., Pappano, W.N., Sun, C. & Petros, A.M.  Turning a substrate peptide into a potent inhibitor for the histone methyltransferase SETD8. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. (2016) 7, 1102-1106.


  • Judge, R.A., Vasudevan, A., Scott, V.S., Simler, G.H., Pratt, S.D., Namovic, M.T., Putman, C.B., Aguirre, A., Stoll, V.S., Mamo, M., Swann, S.I., Cassar, S.C., Faltnek, C.R., Kage, K.L., Boyce-Rustay, J.M. & Hobson, A.D.  Design of aminobenzothiazole inhibitors of Rho Kinases 1 and 2 by using Protein Kinase A as a structure surrogate. ChemBioChem. (2018) 19(6), 613-621. 


  • Upadhyay, A.K., Judge, R.A., Li, L., Pithawalla, R., Simanis, J., Bodelle, P.M., Marin, V.L., Henry, R.F., Petros, A.M. & Sun, C.  Targeting lysine specific demethylase 4A (KDM4A) tandem TUDOR domain: A fragment based approach. Bioorganic. Med. Chem. Lett. (2018) 28, 1708-1713.


  • Hobson, A.D., Judge, R.A., Aguirre, A.L., Brown, B.S., Cui, Y., Ding, P., Dominguez, E., DiGiammarino, E., Egan, D.A., Freiberg, G.M., Gopalakrishnan, S.M., Harris, C.M., Honore, M.P., Kage, K.L., Kapecki, N.J., Ling, C., Ma, J., Mack, H., Mamo, M., Maurus, S., McRae, B., Moore, N.S., Mueller, B.K., Mueller, R., Namovic, M.T., Patel, K., Pratt, S.D., Putman, C.B., Queeney, K.L., Sarris, K.K., Schaffter, L.M., Stoll, V., Vasudevan, A., Wang, L., Wang, L., Wirthl, W. & Yach, K. Identification of selective dual ROCK1 and ROCK2 inhibitors using structure-based drug design. J. Med. Chem. (2018) 61, 11074-11100.


  • Anderson, M., Wang, J., Thakur, A., Chao, D., Hsieh, C-M., Zhang, Q., Reilly, E.B., DiGiammarino, E.L., Longenecker, K.L., Judge, R.A., Egan, D.A. & Hutchins, C.W. Prolactin receptor binding proteins and uses thereof. U.S. Patent Number 10,184,003 issued 22 January 2019, EP2935331 (B1) issued 28 Feb 2018.


  • Argiriadi, M.A., Benatuil, L., Dubrovska, I., Egan, D.A., Gao, L., Greischar, A., Hardman, J., Harlan, H., Iyer, R.B., Judge, R.A., Lake, M., Perron, D.C., Sadhukhan, R., Sielaff, B., Sousa, S., Wang, R., & McRae, B.L. CD40/anti-CD40 antibody complexes which illustrate agonist and antagonist structural switches. BMC Molecular and Cell Biology (2019) 20:29


  • Benatuil, L., Argiriadi, M.A., McRae, B.L., Hsieh, C-M., Egan, D.A., Harlan, J.E., Judge, R.A., Wang, R. Anti-CD40 antibodies and uses thereof. WO 2016/196314, PCT/USA2016/034716


  • Wang, L., Doherty, G.A., Judd, A. S., Tao, Z-F., Hansen, T.M., Frey, R.R., Song, X., Bruncko, M., Kunzer, A.R., Wang, X., Wendt, M.D., Flygare, J.A., Catron, N.D., Judge, R.A., Park, C.H., Shekhar, S., Phillips, D.C., Nimmer, P., Smith, M.L., Tahir, S.K., Xiao, Y., Xue, J., Zhang, H., Le, P.N., Mitten, M.J., Boghaert, E.R., Gao, W., Kovar, P.J., Choo, E., Di-az, D., Fairbrother, W.J., Elmore, S.W., Sampath, D., Leverson, J.D. & Souers, A.J. Discovery of A-1331852, a first-in-class, potent and orally-bioavailable Bcl-xL inhibitor. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. (2020) 11(10), 1829-1836 


  • Salem,  A.H., Tao, Z-F., Bueno, O.F., Chen, J., Chen, S., Edalji, R., Elmore, S.W., Fournier, K.M., Harper, K.C., Hong, R., Jenkins, G.J., Ji, J., Judge, R.A., Kalvass, J.C., Klix, R.C., Ku, Y-Y., Leverson, J.D., Marks, R. A., Marsh, K.C., Menon, R. M., Park, C.H., Phillips, D.C., Pu, Y-M., Rosenberg, S.H., Sanzgiri, Y.D., Sheikh, A.Y., Shi, Y., Stolarik, D.,  Suleiman, A.A., Wang, X., Zhang, G.G.Z, Catron, N.D. & Souers, A.J. Expanding the repertoire for "large small molecules": Prodrug ABBV-167 efficiently converts to Venetoclax with reduced food effect in healthy volunteers. Mol. Cancer Ther. (2021) 20(6), 999-1008.


  • Tao, Z-F., Wang, X., Chen, J., Ingram, J.P., Jin, S., Judge, R.A., Kovar, P.J., Park, C., Sun, C., Wakefield, B.D., Zhou, L., Zhang, H., Elmore, S.W., Phillips, D.C., Judd, A.S., Leverson, J.D., & Souers, A.J. Structure-based drug design of A-1293102 a potent and selective Bcl-XL inhibitor. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. (2021) 12, 1011-1016.


  •  Chan, S., Belmar, N., Ho, S., Rogers, B., Stickler, M., Graham, M., Lee, E., Tran, N., Zhang, D., Gupta, P., Sho, M., MacDonough, T., Woolley, A., Kim, H., Zhang, H., Liu, W., Zheng, P., Dezso, Z., Halliwill, K., Ceccarelli, M., Rhodes, S., Thakur, A., Forsyth, C.M., Xiong, M., Tan, S.S., Iyer, R., Lake, M., Digiammarino, E., Zhou, L., Bigelow, L., Longenecker, K., Judge, R.A., Liu, C., Trumble, M., Remis, J. P., Fox, M., Cairns, B., Akamatsu, Y., Hollenbaugh, D., Harding, F. & Alvarez, H.M. An anti-PD-1-GITR-L bispecific agonist induces GITR clustering-mediated T cell activation for cancer immunotherapy. Nat. Cancer. (2022) 3, 337-354.


  • Goedken, E.R., Argiriadi, M.A., Dietrich, J.D., Petros, A.M., Krishnan, N., Panchal, S.C., Qiu, W., Wu, H., Zhu, H., Adams, A.M., Bodelle, P.M., Goguen, L., Richardson, P.L., Slivka, P.F., Srikumaran, M., Upadhyay, A.K., Wu, B., Judge, R.A., Vasudevan, A., Gopalakrishnan, S.M., Cox, P.B., Stoll, V.S. & Sun, C. Identification and structure-based drug design of cell-active inhibitors of interleukin 17A at a novel C-terminal site. Sci. Rep. (2022) 12: 14561 


  • Yuda, J., Will, C.,  Phillips, D.C., Abraham, L., Alvey, C., Avigdor, A., Buck, W., Besenhofer, L., Boghaert, E., Cheng, D., Cojocari, D., Doyle, K., Hansen, T.M., Huang, K., Johnson, E.F., Judd, A.S., Judge, R.A., Kalvass, J.C., Kunzer, A., Lam, L.T., Li, R., Martin, R.L.,  Mastracchio, A., Mitten, M., Petrich, A., Wang, J., Ward, J.E., Zhang, H., Wang, X., Wolff, J.E., Bell-McGuinn, K.M. & Souers, A.J. Selective MCL-1 inhibitor ABBV-467 is efficacious in tumor models but is associated with cardiac troponin increases in patients. Commun. Med. Nature (2023) 3:154


  • Hobson, A.D., Zhu, H., Qiu, W., Judge, R.A. & Longenecker, K. Minimising the payload solvent exposed hydrophobic surface area optimises the antibody-drug conjugate properties. RSC Med. Chem. (2024) 15, 832-838.


  • Plotnik, J.P., Richardson, A.E., Yang, H., Rojas, E., Bontcheva, V., Dowell, C., Parsons, S., Wilson, A., Ravanmehr, V., Will, C., Jung, P., Zhu, H., Partha, S.K., Panchal, S.C., Mali, R.S., Kohlhapp, F.J., McClure, R.A., Ramathal, C.Y., George, M.D., Jhala, M., Elsen, N.L., Qiu, W., Judge, R.A., Pan, C., Mastracchio, A., Henderson, J., Meulbroek, J.A., Green, M.R. and Pappano, W.N. Inhibition of MALT1 and BCL2 induces synergistic antitumor activity in models of B-cell lymphoma. Mol. Cancer Ther. (2024) 23(7), 949-960.


  • Judd, A.S., Bawa, B., Buck, W.R., Tao, Z-F., Li, Y., Mitten, M.J., Bruncko, M., Catron, N., Doherty, G., Durbin, K.R., Enright, B., Frey, R., Haasch, D., Haman, S., Haight, A.R., Henriques, T.A., Holms, J., Izeradjene, K., Judge, R.A., Jenkins, G.J., Kunzer, A., Leverson, J.D., Martin, R.L., Mitra, D., Mittelstadt, S., Nelson, L., Nimmer, P., Palma, J., Peterson, R., Phillips, D.C.,  Ralston, S.L., Rosenberg, S.H., Shen, X., Song, X., Vaidya, K.R., Wang, X., Wang, J., Xiao, Y., Zhang, H., Zhang, X., Blomme, E.A., Boghaert, E.R., Kalvass, J.C., Phillips, A. & Souers, A.J. BCL-XL-targeting antibody-drug conjugates are active in preclinical models and mitigate on-mechanism toxicity of small-molecule inhibitors. Sci. Adv. 10(40), eado7120 (2024)



Cryo-EM

  • Judge, R.A., Sridar, J., Tunyasunvunakool, K., Jain, R., Wang, J.C. K., Ouch, C., Xu, J., Mafi, A., Nile, A. H., Remarcik, C., Smith, C.L., Ghosh, C., Xu, C., Stoll, V., Jumper, J., Singh, A.H., Eaton, D. & Hao, Q. Structure of the PAPP-ABP5 complex reveals mechanism of substrate recognition. Nat. Commun. (2022) 13:5500


  • Sridar, J., Mafi, A., Judge, R.A., Xu, J., Kong, K.A., Wang, J.C.K., Stoll, V.S., Koukos, G., Simons, R.J., Eaton, D., Bratkowski, M. & Hao, Q.  Cryo-EM structure of human PAPP-A2 and mechanism of substrate recognition. Commun. Chem. Nature (2023) 6:234



Neutron Diffraction

  • Snell, E.H., van der Woerd, M.J., Damon, M., Judge, R.A., Myles, D.A.A. & Meilleur, F.  Optimizing crystal volume for neutron diffraction: D-xylose isomerase. Eur. Biophys J. (2006) 35, 621-632.


  • Meilleur, F., Snell, E.H., van der Woerd, M.J., Judge, R.A. & Myles, D.A.A.  A quasi-laue neutron crystallographic study of D-xylose isomerase. Eur. Biophys J. (2006) 35, 601-609.


  • Munshi, P., Snell, E.H., van der Woerd, M.J., Judge, R.A., Myles, D.A.A., Ren, Z., & Meilleur, F.  Neutron structure of the cyclic glucose-bound xylose isomerase E186Q mutant. Acta Cryst. (2014) D70(2), 414-420.



Protein Crystal Imaging

  • Swift, K.M., Matayoshi, E.D., & Judge, R.A.  Methods for visualizing crystals and distinguishing crystals from other matter within a biological sample. U.S. Patent Number 7,545,495 B2 issued 9 June 2009


  • Judge, R.A., Swift, K. & Gonzalez, C.  An ultraviolet fluorescence based method for identifying and distinguishing protein crystals. Acta Cryst. (2005) D61(1), 60-66.


  • Fry, E., Qin, W., Fleck, E., Judge, R.A. & Chiu, M.  Improved protein crystal detection in detergent and lipidic meso phases. The Open Structural Biology Journal (2009) 3, 11-15.


  • Snell, E.H., Judge, R.A., Larson, M. & van der Woerd, M.J.  Seeing the heat: Preliminary studies of cryocrystallography using infrared imaging. J. Synchrotron Radiation (2002) 9(6), 361-367.



Protein Crystal Growth

  • Judge, R.A., Forsythe, E.L. & Pusey, M.L.  Growth rate dispersion in protein crystal growth. Crystal Growth & Design (2010) 10(7), 3164-3168.


  • Judge, R.A., Takahashi, S., Longenecker, K.L., Fry, E.H., Abad-Zapatero, C. & Chiu, M.  The effect of ionic liquids on protein crystallization and X-ray diffraction resolution. Crystal Growth & Design (2009) 9(8), 3463-3469.


  • Qin, W., Judge, R.A., Longenecker, K.L., Solomon, L.R. & Harlan, J.E.  On-column ligand exchange for structure-based drug design: A case study with human 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. Acta. Cryst. (2012) F68, 601-605.


  • Boggon, T.J., Halliwell, J.R., Judge, R.A., Olczak, A., Siddons, D.P., Snell, E.H. & Stroganoff, V.  Synchrotron X-ray reciprocal space mapping, topography and diffraction resolution studies of macromolecular crystal quality. Acta Cryst. (2000) D56, 868-880.



Macromolecular Crystal Growth in Microgravity

  • Helliwell, J.R., Snell, E.H., Chayen, N.E., Judge, R.A., Boggon, T.J. & Pusey, M.L.  Fluid flows and macromolecular crystal growth in microgravity. In: R. Monti (editor), Physics of fluids in microgravity, Taylor & Francis Group, London, Chapter 14, pages 489-514 (2002).


  • Kundrot, C.E., Judge, R.A., Pusey, M.L. & Snell, E.H.  Microgravity and macromolecular crystallography. Crystal Growth & Design (2001) 1, 87-99.


  • Judge, R.A., Kephart, R., Meehan, J., Beabout, D., Sanford, J., Briscoe, J. & Corder, E.  Delta-L an apparatus for measuring macromolecule crystal growth rates in microgravity. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (2001) A01-42971, 1406-1412.


  • Snell, E.H., Judge, R.A., Crawford, L., Forsythe, E.L., Pusey, M.L., Sportiello, M., Todd, P., Bellamy, H., Lovelace, J., Cassanto, J.M. & Borgstahl, G.E.O.  Investigating the effect of impurities on macromolecule crystal growth in microgravity. Crystal Growth & Design (2001) 1, 151-158.


  • Judge, R.A., Snell, E.H. & Pusey, M.L.  Free-falling crystals: Biological macromolecular crystal growth studies in low earth orbit. Dev. Chem. Eng. Mineral Process. (2002) 10(5/6), 491-500.


  • Judge, R.A., Snell, E.H. & van der Woerd, M.J.  Extracting trends from two decades of microgravity macromolecular crystallization history. Acta Cryst. (2005) D61, 763-771.



Protein Crystal Solubility

  • Judge, R.A., Johns, M.R. & White, E.T.  Solubility of ovalbumin in ammonium sulfate solutions. J. Chem. Eng. Data. (1996) 41, 422-424.


  • Forsythe, E.L., Judge, R.A. & Pusey, M.L.  Tetragonal chicken egg white lysozyme solubility in sodium chloride solutions. J. Chem. Eng. Data. (1999) 44, 637-640.



Bulk Crystallization

  • Johns, M.R., Judge, R.A. & White, E.T.  Fructose crystallization from ethanolic solutions, pp. 198-209. In: A.S. Myerson, and K. Toyokura (editors), Crystallization as a separation process. ACS Symposium Series 438 (1990) American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.


  • Judge, R.A.  Investigating the industrial crystallization of proteins. Ph.D thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (1995)


  • Judge, R.A., Johns, M.R. & White, E.T.  Protein purification by bulk crystallization: The recovery of ovalbumin. Biotechnol. Bioeng. (1995) 48, 316-323.


  • Carbone, M.N., Judge, R.A. & Etzel, M.R.  Evaluation of a model for seeded isothermal batch protein crystallization. Biotechnol. Bioeng. (2005) 91, 84-90.


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